0 Preparatory knowledge
  0.1 Notation
  0.2 Linear components
  0.3 Independent sources
  0.4 Controlled or dependent sources
  0.5 Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws
  0.6 Superposition
  0.7 Advanced superposition
  0.8 Thévenin and Norton equivalents
  0.9 Linear networks and signals
  0.10 Complex impedances
  0.11 Fourier transformations
  0.12 Differential equations
  0.13 Circuit analysis methods
  0.14 Transfer functions
  0.15 Bode plots
  0.16 Calculations & mathematics
  0.17 The basics
  0.18 Basic rules
  0.19 Basic math rules
  0.20 Simplifying relations
  0.21 Impedance matching and maximum power transfer
  0.22 Solving exercises
  0.23 Verification using the answer manual
  0.24 And finally...
 1 Introduction
  1.1 The focus in this book...
  1.2 Why we need non-linear components...
  1.3 Our work horse: the transistor
  1.4 Typesetting in the book
 2 Semiconductor physics in a nutshell
  2.1 Introduction
  2.2 Semiconductors
  2.3 Diodes
   2.3.1 Temperature dependency of the diode current
   2.3.2 Capacitive effects in junctions: in reverse
   2.3.3 Extra capacitive effects in junctions in forward
   2.3.4 Modelling the diode
   2.3.5 Modelling the diode - simplified
  2.4 Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs)
   2.4.1 Temperature dependency of the BJT currents
   2.4.2 BJT $i_C$-$v_{\mathit{CE}}$-dependencies
   2.4.3 Capacitive effects in BJTs
   2.4.4 Current gain naming conventions
  2.5 MOS-transistors
   2.5.1 MOS-transistor in strong inversion
   2.5.2 MOS-transistor in strong inversion: ideal case summary
   2.5.3 MOS-transistor symbols
   2.5.4 MOS transistor output resistance
   2.5.5 MOS transistor “on-state” and “off-state” resistance
   2.5.6 MOS transistor input capacitance, input current and input power
 3 Bias circuits
  3.1 Introduction
  3.2 Biasing a transistor: the bias point
  3.3 Biasing a transistor: requirements for its bias point
  3.4 Biasing a transistor
  3.5 Biasing a BJT
   3.5.1 Biasing $V_{\mathit{BE}}$ using a DC-voltage source
   3.5.2 Biasing by forcing a base current (ideal)
   3.5.3 Biasing by forcing a base current (non ideal)
   3.5.4 Biasing using emitter degeneration
  3.6 Biasing a MOS-transistor
   3.6.1 Biasing using source degeneration
 4 Small-signal equivalent circuits
  4.1 Introduction
  4.2 Linear model for transistors
  4.3 Small signal equivalent models for transistors and circuits
  4.4 SSEC of a BJT
   4.4.1 Notational simplification
   4.4.2 Small signal equivalent of PNPs
  4.5 SSEC of a MOS transistor
  4.6 Small-signal parameters
   4.6.1 BJT
   4.6.2 MOS transistor
  4.7 Amplifier circuits
   4.7.1 Coupling the input and output
  4.8 SSEC and small signal properties of a basic amplifier circuit
   4.8.1 Design procedure - an example
 5 Amplifier circuits
  5.1 Basic amplifier circuits
   5.1.1 The common-emitter circuit (CEC)
   5.1.2 The common-source circuit (CSC)
   5.1.3 The common-base circuit (CBC)
   5.1.4 The common-gate circuit (CGC)
   5.1.5 The common-collector circuit (CCC)
   5.1.6 The common-drain circuit (CDC)
   5.1.7 CEC, CBC, CCC, CSC, CGC and CDC: a comparison
  5.2 More complex amplifiers
   5.2.1 Mix-and-match
   5.2.2 Cascading issues: signal transfer
   5.2.3 Coupling capacitors: bandwidth limitations
   5.2.4 Maximizing gain
  5.3 Other useful circuits
   5.3.1 Voltage source
   5.3.2 Current source
   5.3.3 Current mirror
 6 Feedback
  6.1 Introduction
  6.2 Negative feedback
   6.2.1 Full negative feedback: a first concept
   6.2.2 Negative feedback: a generalised concept
  6.3 Negative feedback and amplifiers: some examples
   6.3.1 Effect of negative feedback on bandwidth
   6.3.2 Effect of negative feedback on interference, distortion and noise
  6.4 Stability
   6.4.1 Rough classification of systems with feedback
   6.4.2 Stability of systems with negative feedback
   6.4.3 Stable and unstable: now what?
   6.4.4 Stability of systems with feedback: examples
   6.4.5 Phase and gain margin
  6.5 The Bode plot as tool for presentation
  6.6 Feedback and dominant first-order behavior
   6.6.1 Creating dominant first-order behavior
 7 The op-amp and negative feedback
  7.1 Introduction
  7.2 Linear applications
   7.2.1 Non-inverting voltage amplifier
   7.2.2 Inverting voltage amplifier
   7.2.3 Virtual ground
   7.2.4 Miller’s theorem
   7.2.5 The integrator
   7.2.6 The differentiator
   7.2.7 Summation of currents
   7.2.8 Summation of voltages
   7.2.9 Subtraction of voltages
   7.2.10 Filters
  7.3 Feedback with non-linear elements
   7.3.1 Logarithmic conversion
   7.3.2 Exponential converters
  7.4 Op-amp non-idealities
   7.4.1 Frequency-dependent gain
   7.4.2 First-order behavior and slew rate
   7.4.3 Internal current limitation and load
   7.4.4 Internal current restrictions and external load
 8 Basic internal circuits for opamps
  8.1 Introduction
  8.2 The input stage
   8.2.1 Symmetry requirement
   8.2.2 First implementation and its issues
   8.2.3 Second (widely used) implementation
   8.2.4 Small signal behaviour
   8.2.5 BJT differential pair: transconductance
   8.2.6 BJT differential pair: input impedance
   8.2.7 MOS differential pair: transconductance
   8.2.8 MOS differential pair: input impedance
   8.2.9 Small signal behaviour with a non-ideal current source
  8.3 From input stage to intermediate stage
   8.3.1 Throwing away half the current
   8.3.2 Throwing away one half: part 2
   8.3.3 Subtracting currents
  8.4 Intermediate stages
   8.4.1 Intermediate stage (not) using a resistor
   8.4.2 Intermediate stage using a CEC or CSC
   8.4.3 Intermediate stage (more complex)
  8.5 Output stages
   8.5.1 Requirements for the output stage
   8.5.2 Basic output stages
   8.5.3 CDC output stage
   8.5.4 Slightly less simple output stages
   8.5.5 Implementation examples
   8.5.6 Power efficiency aspects of output stages
   8.5.7 Simple output stages: class A
   8.5.8 Slightly less simple output stages: class B
   8.5.9 Slightly less simple output stages: class AB
   8.5.10 Other output stages: class D
   8.5.11 Other output stages: class C, E, F, G, H, ...
  8.6 Frequency dependencies
   8.6.1 Bandwidth limitations: small signal
   8.6.2 Bandwidth limitations: large signal
 9 Harmonic oscillators (low Q)
  9.1 Introduction into harmonic oscillators
  9.2 Harmonic oscillators and quality factor Q
  9.3 Harmonic oscillators with a low Q
   9.3.1 Wien bridge oscillator
   9.3.2 Alternative Wien bridge oscillator configurations
   9.3.3 Three-stage (low pass) phase-shift oscillator
   9.3.4 Alternative implementation of the three stage low pass phase shift oscillator
   9.3.5 Three stage phase shift oscillator with high pass sections
   9.3.6 More-than-three stage low pass phase shift oscillator (negative gain)
   9.3.7 More-than-three stage low pass phase shift oscillator (positive gain)
  9.4 Where and how to derive the loop gain - part 1
  9.5 Startup issues
  9.6 Amplitude control using the actual amplitude
  9.7 Amplitude control using clipping
  9.8 Initial signal at about the oscillation frequency
 10 Harmonic oscillators (high Q)
  10.1 High Q harmonic oscillators with single transistors/amplifiers
   10.1.1 A first try with a BJT
   10.1.2 With a BJT... second try
   10.1.3 Which $Z_A$, $Z_B$ and $Z_C$?
  10.2 Where and how to derive the loop gain - part 2
  10.3 Single transistor oscillators - in any single-transistor amplifier configuration
  10.4 Some high-Q single-BJT oscillator examples
   10.4.1 Example: the Colpitts oscillator using a common emitter amplifier - 1
   10.4.2 Example: the Colpitts oscillator using a common emitter amplifier - 2
   10.4.3 Examples of CBC and CCC Colpitts oscillators
   10.4.4 Examples of Clapp and Hartley oscillators
  10.5 High Q harmonic oscillators with multiple transistors/amplifiers
  10.6 Some high Q multiple BJT oscillators: examples
  10.7 Crystal oscillators
   10.7.1 Oscillator circuits with a crystal
 11 Introduction to RF electronics
  11.1 Introduction
  11.2 Transmitting and receiving
  11.3 Maxwell
  11.4 Maxwell and Kirchhoff
  11.5 Introduction to antennae
  11.6 Dipole antennae
  11.7 Monopole antennae
  11.8 Other antenna characteristics
  11.9 A transmission system, a bit more exact
  11.10 Some additional high frequency effects
  11.11 A single wire
  11.12 Transistor capacitances
  11.13 Two parallel wires - transmission line
  11.14 Reflections
  11.15 Maximum power versus maximum power transfer
 Index